Machine for rotjudibtgr and backing- books



UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

THEODORE BERGNER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR ROUNDING AND BACKING BOOKS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,480, dated June 9, 1857.

the same, reference being had to the accom-` panying drawings, makingpart .of this specification, and in which the same letters of referenceallude to similar parts throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of my im-` proved machine for rounding andbacking books, with part of it shown in section; Fig. 2 is a sectionalside view of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a plan of the same; Fig. 4 is a sec,-`

tion on the line 1 2 (Fig. l) Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are detached sectionalviews of the rounding apparatus, showing the book in the differentstates of treatment.

A and A are the two frames or standards of the machine, connectedtogether at the top by the crosspiece B (Fig. 2) in front,

and by the crosspiece C at the back, the

round rods a a' serving as additional stays near the bottom. Theseframes are near the top on their insides provided with projec` tions Z2,b, extending horizontally the entire length of the frames for thepurpose of supporting and guiding the sliding frame D.`

This frame is of an oblong square form and consists in two parallel sidepieces c, c, the front crosspiece l and backpiece c, leaving a squareopening in the middle.

E and E are two vertical plates, which by means of projections f, f aresuspended and guided in corresponding grooves in the sidepieces d, cl ofthe frame D; these plates are recessed on their faces to receive bymeans of dovetails g, g (Fig. 3) the clamping plates F, F which are thusallowed to slide vertically in the plates E, E', (for a purposehereafter fully described.) It being requisite, that the center of thebook, whether thicker or thinner, should always, when the book isconfined between the clamps F, F, remain in the same place,these clampsand the plates E, E are made to close or separate at equal speed bymeans of right and left hand screw threads on the spindles G, G, workingin corresponding threads in the projections f, f of the plates E, E. Thescrewspindles have their bearings in the stand H (secured on the frontof frame D) and through the spur-wheels I, I 4receive their motion fromthe pinion K, which is keyed to the hub of the liandwheel L and with thelatter turns loosely on the stud 7L; this stud is secured to the middleof the stand H and somewhat elevated above the centers of the` screwspindles. For the purpose of facilitating the proper setting of theclamps F, F, so that their faces will stand parallel, the lugs f, f ofthe backplate E are bored out large enough to receive the nuts N, N,which can be turned around until the desired position of the two clampsis obtained, and then made secure by the setscrews z', z'. The plates E,E are strengthened by ribs 7c, 7c, running horizontally across theirbacks and terminating in the projections f, f.

The book, with its face and ends cut smooth and its back glued in theusual'manner, is placed between the clamps with its face downward and,resting on the block Z in the manner shown at Fig. 5, subjected to amoderate pressure between the clamps by means of the handwheel L. Thefirst operation, that of rounding its back and giving the face acorresponding concave shape is next performed by giving the clamps F, Fthe required downward movement, to impart to the face of the book theshape of the rounding of block Z. This downward movement of the clampsis obtained in the following manner: The backs of the clamps F, F areeach provided wit-h two projections m and n, which to admit the platesE, E are cut out in the manner shown at Fig. 1. A roller 0, of suficientdiameter to lill the space between the projections m and fn. turns on apin at the side of the segment M, which works on a stud p and receivesmot-ion through pinion g; these pinions are keyed to shafts O, O, whichbesides their journals in the projections 1, r (Fig. l) of plates E, Ehave additional bearings in the crosspiece B, and which at their outerends are provided with handwheels P, P. It will be easily seen, that byturning these handwheels in the direction of their arrows (Fig. 3) therollers o will by their pressure against the projections 1i cause theclamps F to move downward. Springs s, fastened to projection t on theplates E, E will push up the clamps by their pressure against the bottomof segments M, M, when the pressure against the book is released,

and bring them back into the position shown at Fig. 5. The segments M,M, by coming in Contact with the projections u, prevent the clamps fromrising beyond this limit. By means of set screws R, R the termination ofthe downward movement of the clamps is limited and regulated to suitdifferent size books. The great end pres-4 sure of the face of the bookagainst the block, which would be unavoidable by moving both clamps downsimultaneously, is obviated by bringing them down in succession. Thethin plates S, S are attached to the upper face of clamps F, F, and aremade elastic enough to yield upon coming in contact with block Z, whenthe upper part of the book is subjected to additional pressure, beforethe backing is performed.

To the bottom of the back crosspiece e of the sliding frame D is boltedthe bracket T, on the face of which works the dovetailed slide U. (SeeFig. 4.) To this is by means of screws U secured the plate V, whichreceives and supports the block Z, the latter being at its lower sideprovided with a groove, corresponding with the thickness of the plate.The block can therefore be readily removed and another put in its place,as books of various thicknesses shall require.v 'v is a screw spindlewhich works in a corresponding thread at the bottom of bracket T andwith its upper end fits into a projection on the back of slide U. It isturned by means of the handwheelWand serves to regulate and vary theheight of the blocks for different size books.

The main standards A and A are each on their top provided with frames X,X for receiving the sliding boxes Y, Y. To these boxes are fitted thepins w, fw, on the inner projections of which vibrates the frame Z. Thetwo arms of this frame are on their inner sides provided with groovesinto which are fitted by means of corresponding tongues the ends ofthe'crosshead A2; into its round bosses w, m are tightly fitted the pinsy, y, on which works the roller B. By imparting a vibrating motion tothe frame Z (which the operator does by means of Vhandle a) the roller Bis caused to pass with considerable pressure over the back of the bookin the manner shown at Fig. 2, thus performing the backingf whichconsists in lapping over the outer'portions of the back for thereception of the covers. For the'purpose of altering the distance of theroller from the center of vibration of frame Z, to describe greater orsmaller arcs, (as the difference in the thickness of books may call for)the crosshead A2 is made adjustable by means of the spindle C. Thisspindle turns with its lower part freely in the eye Z9 of the crosshead,the collar c and nut UZ forming shoulders against the latter, while theupper portion of Vthe spindle screws into the boss c of frame Z. Byturning the spindle in the required direction, the crosshead and rollermay therefore be elevated or lowered, as desired. To further allow theregulating and setting of the whole swing-frame, the boxes Y, Y, withtheir journal pins w, w, are so arranged in the frame X X, that by meansof screws D', working through the round parts in the top of the fralnes,they may with frame Z be raised or lowered, as desired. The round headsc2 at the lower end of screws D are confined in the top of the boxes bymeans of followers g', the screws being allowed to turn freely in theirboxes. The nuts E2 and washers F on the outside projections of the pinsw serve to secure the boxes Y` firmly to the frames X, when the swingframe Z is properly adjusted. The boxes Y, Y have projections Z1. 71,2on their flanges, which, coming in contact with the frame Z, limit thevibration of the latter, which isa little more than i of a circle.

The frame D, resting on projections Z9, b of standards A, A is for thepurpose of facilitating the putting in and taking out of the books mademovable and is kept in the position required for the proper action ofbacking roller B by the catch z, which works on a pin K near the back ofstandard A. The spiral springs G, with their front ends attached to pinst on the standards A, A and with their other ends connected to thebottom of sliding frame D, serve to pull this frame forward, when thecatch Z is disengaged. This is effected by a pressure of the operatorsfoot on the plate m of the foot lever H, which works on the backstay aand gives motion to catch z" by means of rod I, the lower end of whichis connected to the foot lever while its upper end is jointed to thecatch. The spiral. spring K has a tendency of pulling the rod I andlever H in an upward direction and of throwing in the catch z".

Operation: When a number of books of a certain size are to be roundedand backed, the operator lwill first set in a block Z of the requiredthickness and rounding, and adjust it in such a manner by means ofhandwheel W, that the back of the book, when resting with its face onthe block (as shown at Fig. 5) shall extend sufciently above the edgesof clamps F, F, to allow the required lap for the reception of thecovers. The space of movement, which is required for theclamps F, F, toimpart to the face of the book the shape of block Z, is next regulatedand limited by means of the setscrews R, R. When further the swing frameZ and its roller B are adjusted in the manner before described, themachine will be ready for operation. While the catch z" is disconnectedand the table D pulled forward by the spiral springs G, the book isplaced between the clamps F, F with its face downward, and, resting onthe block Z in themanner shown at Fig. 5, subjected to a moderatepressure by means of handwheel L. The book is then rounded by turningthe handwheels RP successively in the direction of their arrows (Fig.3,) thus actuating by means of pinions g, g and segments M, M the clampsF, F in the manner above described. By an additional turn of handwheel Lthe book is next compressed tighter between the clamps, whereupon thesliding table D is pushed back and the center of the book heldvertically with the center of motion of the swing frame Z by thethrowing in of catch .75. A vibration of the swing frame and theconsequent pressure of roller B over the whole surface of the back ofthe book will perform the backing (as shown at Fig. 2). This being done,the swing frame is allowed to rest against the stops h2, while at thesame time the catch z" is disengaged by a pressure of the foot on theplate m of the lever H, when the spiral springs G will pull the slidingtable forward, thus allowing a ready removal of the finished book, whenby means of the handwheel L the pressure of the clamps is released. Uponthe release of this pressure the springs s, s will by their actionagainst the lower edges of segments M, M cause the clamps F, F to riseand resume the position shown at Fig. 5, in which they are ready toreceive the next book.

Having now described the nature of my invention, I wish it to beunderstood, that I am aware, that a roller and swing frame are employedin the backing machine of John A. Elder, patented Julyv26, 1853; Itherelore do not claim these parts exclusively,

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. Giving a sliding motion to the clamps F, F by means of segments M, Mand pinions g, g, or any equivalents to the same substantially in themanner and for the purpose specified.

2. I claim the sliding table D, plates E, E, and clamps F, F incombination with the swing frame Z and roller B, the whole beingconstructed and operating substantially in the manner and for thepurpose set forth.

3. I claim the employment, in combination with the sliding clamps, ofadjustable blocks Z substantially in the manner and for the purposedescribed.

THEODORE BERGNER.

Witnesses:

COLEMAN PELEN, J os. B. HoUGH.

